Var and Yok (There is / There is not)

The words var and yok are the equivalents of “there is/there are” and “there isn’t/there aren’t” respectively. “Var olmak” means “to exist“. If “var” is used with a subject, this indicates that something exists. Conversely, “Yok olmak” means “disappear“. If used with a subject “Yok” indicates the non-existence of something.

“Var” and “Yok” are such useful two words that you would easily use a grammatical change.

Yok: There is not / There are not

“Yok” indicates something’s or someone’s absence.

Example:

Kalem burada yok.
There is no pencil here

Kendine güvenin yok.
You do not have a self-confidence

Moreover, “Yok” can mean “No”. But please watch out when using this way because this use is a little bit of informal even though it can make you sound like a real Turkish native.

Partiye gelecek misn?
Will you come to the party?

Yok
No

Var: There is / There are

“Var” indicates something’s existence. For example, Burada sadece pastahane var. (eng. there is only patisserie here.)

Example:

Annenler evde var mı? (lit. Are your mothers at home? The overuse of the plural suffix -ler/-lar somehow makes the sentence more polite. Even, Annenler evde varlar mı? or Annenler evdeler mi? )

In Turkish, ” sahip olmak ” or “haiz olmak” (old use) means “to have”. Instead of using these words, Turkish people simply use “var” or “yok” to describe the things they have.

Example:

Kedilerin dokuz hayatı var.
Cats have nine lives.

Kalemin var mı?
Do you have a pencil?

Nasıl yani? Hiç paran yok mu?
What? Don’t you have any money?

Benim korkum yok
I have no fear; lit. there is not my fear; there does not exist my fear

The last two translations may look odd in English; however, in Turkish saying “Benim korkum yok.” is easier than saying “Ben korkuya sahip değilim.”

Easy Examples with Var Yok

Ağaçta kuş var. There’s a bird on the tree.
Evde yemek yok. There’s no food at home.
Sınıfta hiç öğrenci yok. There’s no student in the classroom.
Kardeşim evde yok. My sister/brother’s not home.
Kardeşim evde. My sister/brother is home.
Evde elektrik yok. There’s no electricity at home.
Hiç param yok. I don’t have any money.
Bugün enerjim yok. I don’t have energy today.
Paran var mı? Do you have money?
Kuzenin yok mu? Don’t you have a cousin?
Ekmek var mı? Is there bread?
Evet, var. Süt var mı? Yes there’s. Is there milk?
Maalesef, yok. Unfortunately, no.
Bugün ödevin var mı? Do you have homework today?
Kahvede şeker var mı? Is there sugar in the coffee?
Paran var mı? Do you have money?
Sınıfta öğrenci var mı? Is there student in the classroom?
Evde su yok mu? Isn’t there water at home?

Paradigm of var/yok

In this part, we will see the change of var and yok with different tenses.

Kedim var.
I have a cat; lit. I have my cat

Kedim yok.
I don’t have a cat; I don’t have my cat, it is lost

Kedim vardı.
I had a cat, I had my cat

O yıllarda gri bir kedim vardı.
Those years I had a gray cat

O yıllarda kedim halen vardı.
Those years I still had my cat. it was alive

Kedim yoktu.
I didn’t have a cat; I didn’t have my cat

Kedim vardır.
I have a cat when used in a formal way; I surely have a cat

Kedim yoktur.
I don’t have a cat. only one meaning

Kedim varmış.
It is said that I have a cat; It is said that I have my cat

Kedim yokmuş.
It is said that I don’t have my cat, It is said that I don’t have a cat

Kedim varsa.
If I have my cat; If I have a cat

Kedim yoksa.
If I don’t have my cat, If I don’t have a cat

Kedim varken.
While I have my cat; While I have a cat

Var and Yok is the base form of third-person-singular. For other persons, the personal suffixes can be added. You’d mostly encounter var and yok without personal suffix; However, ‘varım’ or ‘yokum’ can be encountered as well. Yet these uses are ‘frozen’ and mostly used for specific concepts.

Example:

Var mısın, Yok musun?
eng. Are you in or out?
fr. Cap ou pas cap?

İddiaya var mısın?
Do you dare to bet?

Yokum
I am not in

Question Form: Var mı? / Yok mu?

Question form of var and yok is very simple. It is formed by adding question suffix -mı and -mu at the end of var and yok, respectively.

Example:

Kitabın var mı?
Do you have a book?

Çayın yok mu?
Don’t you have tea?

Bunu yapmaya isteğin var mı?
Do you have the desire to do it?

Idiomatic Expressions with Var and Yok

When Var and Yok is used together, that defines the quantity of something. “Var yok” can be translated as “a little bit”. Also, there exists another way of saying: “Varla yok arası” (var ile yok arası).

Zamanın var mı?
Do you have time?

Varla yok arası
Very little

In this context, “varla yok arası” also implies that “very slight, miniscule”. Do we have pasta at home? Varla yok arası (very litte, we must buy)

Basic Question Words

Bu This (close to you)
Şu That (far from you)
O That (further from you)
Burada Here; sp. aquí, (acá)
Şurada There; sp. ahí
Orada Over there; sp. allí, (allá)
Ne? What
Nerede? Where
Ne zaman? When
Ne kadar? How much
Nasıl? How
Neden? Why
Hangi? Which
Ne var orada? What is it there?
Nerede o kitap? Where is that book?
Ne zaman oldu? When did it happen?
Ne kadar çay? How much tea?
Nasıl oldu? How did it happen?
Neden oldu? Why did it happen?
Hangi kalem? Which pencil?